Using Clostridium butyricum BLCC1-0022 as research object, it was expanded for culture in biological fermenter, and the bacterial powder was prepared by vacuum freeze drying and spray drying. Using the survival rate of the strain as evaluation index, the temperature tolerance and storage stability of bacterial powder were studied. The results showed that when the strain seed liquid batches within three times, the number of viable bacteria (4.1×1010 CFU/g) of freeze-dried bacterial powder prepared by expanding the culture to 18 h was higher than that of spray dried bacterial powder (3.7×109 CFU/g). The spray dried bacterial powder and freeze-dried bacterial powder could tolerate high temperature conditions (100 ℃, 10 min), the number of viable bacteria was 3.96×109 CFU/g and 3.10×1010 CFU/g, and the survival rate was 96.34% and 73.81%, respectively. The spray dried bacterial powder and freeze-dried bacterial powder could tolerate simulated storage and transportation conditions (45 ℃, 8 h), the number of viable bacteria was 2.80×109 CFU/g and 1.93×1010 CFU/g, and the survival rate was 68.29% and 45.09%, respectively. When stored at 4 ℃, -20 ℃ and room temperature for 180 d, the number of viable bacteria was 1010 CFU/g and 109 CFU/g, respectively, and the survival rate was more than 73.08%, and it should not be stored at 37 ℃ for more than 60 d. Therefore, the number of viable bacteria of freeze-dried bacterial powder was higher, while the temperature tolerance and storage stability of spray dried bacterial powder were higher.