高加索乳杆菌（Lactobacillus kefiri）是开菲尔粒中存在的一种乳酸杆菌，因良好的益生特性而具有重要的研究价值。高加索乳杆菌具有体内外抗氧化活性，其菌体或代谢产物S-层蛋白（SLP）、胞外多糖（EPS）等均具有免疫调节活性，此外，高加索乳杆菌还能够降低胆固醇、调节肠道菌群等。该文结合国内外已有研究，对高加索乳杆菌具有的主要功能活性进行了论述，并对功能活性的作用机理或物质基础作出比较详细的总结与归纳，最后对高加索乳杆菌相关研究工作做了简单展望，其在发酵菌种、益生菌种资源开发中拥有巨大潜力。

Lactobacillus kefiri is a kind of Lactobacillus present in kefir grains, which is of great value for its probiotic activities. L. kefiri has antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro, and it's thallus or metabolite S-layer protein (SLP), extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), etc. have immune regulation activity. In addition, L. kefiri can lower cholesterol and regulate intestinal flora. This paper combines existing research at home and abroad, the main functional activities of L. kefiri were reviewed. The action mechanisms or material basis of these functional activity were summarized in detail and generalized. Finally, a brief outlook on the research work of L. kefiri was made, which had great potential in the development of fermentation strains and probiotic strains resource.